Polish Locative Case
Content
The locative is the sixth of the 7 cases.
It is used only after one of 5 prepositions. These prepositions mostly represent location.
It answers the questions:
– kim? (who?)
– czym? (what?)
Locative Case Usage
Nouns and adjectives in this case must be followed by a preposition. The prepositions o, na, w, and po are also used in the accusative case, but have different meanings. The preposition przy is only used in the locative case.
1. After prepositions “o”, “na”, “w”, “po” and “przy”
Definitions:
o (about, with), na (on, at), w (in, at), po (after, along/around), przy (near, at).
O czym chcesz rozmawiać.
(What do you want to talk about?)
To jest dom o dużych oknach.
(This is a house with big windows)
Jestem na polu.
(I am on the field)
Oni są na strychu.
(They are in the attic)
Jestem w szkole.
(I am in school)
Po tej grze, pojdę spać.
(After this game, I will go to sleep)
Chodziłem po mieście
(I was walking around town)
Jestem przy stole.
(I am near the table).
Locative Case Declension
Locative Singular Nouns
Masculine
– If ends with a hard consonant, except k, g, and ch, receives e ending. The hard consonant softens.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
dywan (carpet)
papier (paper) komputer (computer) |
dywanie
papierze komputerze |
– If ends with a hardened consonant, soft consonant, or k, g, or ch, receive u ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
breloczek (keychain)
łańcuch (chain) stopień (degree) |
breloczku
łańcuchu stopniu |
Feminine
Note: The locative singular feminine declensions are the same as the dative singular feminine.
– If ends with a hard consonant, receives e ending. The hard consonant softens.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
książka (book)
karta (card) |
książce
karcie |
– If ends with a hard consonant, receives y ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
rzecz (thing)
noc (night) smycz (leash) |
rzeczy
nocy smyczy |
– If ends with a soft consonant, receives i ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
lekcja (lesson)
historia (story, history) wolność (freedom) |
lekcji
historii wolności |
Neuter
– If ends with a hard consonant, except k, g, and ch, receives e ending. The hard consonant softens.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
biuro (office)
pismo (writing) dziąsło (gum) |
biurze
piśmie dziąśle |
– If ends with a hardened consonant, soft consonant, or k, g, or ch, receive u ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
miejsce (place)
biurko (desk) pole (field) |
miejscu
biurku polu |
Locative Singular Adjectives
Masculine
– If it ends with a hard consonant, except k and g, receives ym ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
duży (big)
inny (different) |
dużym
innym |
– If it ends with a hardened or soft consonant, or k or g, receive im ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
tani (cheap)
wysoki (tall) |
tanim
wysokim |
Feminine
– Receive ej ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
duży (big)
tani (cheap) |
dużej
taniej |
Neuter
– If it ends with a hard consonant, except k and g, receives ym ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
duży (big)
inny (different) |
dużym
innym |
– If it ends with a hardened or soft consonant, or k or g, receive im ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Singular |
tani (cheap)
wysoki (tall) |
tanim
wysokim |
Locative Plural Nouns
All Genders
– All receive ach ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Plural |
sklep (store)
strona (page) pudełko (box) |
sklepach
stronach pudełkach |
Locative Plural Adjectives
Masculine, feminine, and neuter intrumental plural adjectives receive the same endings.
All Genders
– If it ends with a hard consonant, except k and g, or a hardened consonant, receives ych ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Plural |
duży (big)
inny (different) |
dużych
innych |
– If it ends with a soft consonant, or k or g, receives ich ending.
Nominative Singular | Locative Plural |
tani (cheap)
wysoki (tall) |
tanich
wysokich |