Polish Vocative Case
Content
The vocative is the last of the 7 cases.
It is used to address people. It’s plural forms are the same as the nominative plural forms.
Vocative Case Usage
1. Addressing something by name, usually people. This is used mostly for job titles, first names, and other titles.
Kocham cię, synu.
(I love you, son)
Tak jest, panie majorze.
(Yes, sir)
Vocative Case Declension
Vocative Singular Nouns
Masculine
– These have the same endings as the masculine locative singular, with a few exceptions.
Nominative Singular | Vocative Singular |
pan (man)
pies (dog) wuj (uncle) |
panie
psie wuju |
– Here are some exceptions to this rule.
Nominative Singular | Vocative Singular |
chłopiec (boy)
ojciec (father) Bóg (God) |
chłopcze
ojcze Boże |
Feminine
– If it ends with “a”, usually receives o ending.
Nominative Singular | Vocative Singular |
babka (grandmother)
ciotka (aunt) mężczyzna (man) |
babko
ciotko mężczyzno |
– Some diminutive forms receive u ending.
Nominative Singular | Vocative Singular |
babcia (gramma)
ciocia (aunty) |
babciu
ciociu |
– If it ends with “i”, there is no change.
Nominative Singular | Vocative Singular |
pani (lady)
sprzedawczyni (seller (woman)) |
pani
sprzedawczyni |
Neuter
– Have same endings as neuter nominative singular nouns.
Nominative Singular | Vocative Singular |
dziecko (child) | dziecko |
Vocative Singular Adjectives, Plural Nouns, Plural Adjectives
All the rest of these forms are the same as in the nominative case.